SASL Plugin Programmer's Guide

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NOTE: This is a work in progress. Any contributions would be very appreciated

This guide gives a very brief overview on the things that one needs to know to write a mechanism for the SASLv2 API (and thus Cyrus SASLv2). Note that this page is a brief overview only and that the authoritative documentation are the header files included in the SASL distribution. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact the Cyrus development team at cyrus-bugs@andrew.cmu.edu or the cyrus-sasl mailing list at cyrus-sasl@andrew.cmu.edu .

Please note that this guide is only intended for developers looking to write mechanisms for the SASLv2 API, and that application programmers should be reading this document instead.

A description of SASL is covered in detail in the programmer's guide, which mechanism developers should probably read first anyway to become familiar with development using the SASL library.

The basic idea behind programming plugins for Cyrus SASL rests in the ability to dlopen a shared library. Thus, all plugins should be shared libraries. It is recommended that they are libtool libraries for portability reasons (Cyrus SASL parses .la files to get the appropriate name to dlopen), but they can have an extention of .so as well.

All plugins should live in the same directory (generally /usr/lib/sasl2), which the glue code (that is, the interface layer that sits between the plugins and the application) scans when one of the init functions (sasl_server_init or sasl_client_init) is called. Cyrus SASL then attempts to open each library and run an initialization function. If the initialization function succeeds, and the versions match, then the glue code determines that the load was successful and the plugin is available for use.

There are serveral types of plugins (note that a given plugin library may contain any or all of the following in combination, though such a plugin would be a beast!):

Because of the way that shared library plugins are loaded for both speed and namespace reasons, the symbol tables are not shared across plugins. Thus, the only interface that the plugin should assume it has to the outside world is through the sasl_utils_t structure (or through links that it specifically requires). Likewise, the glue code has no (and will use no) interface into the plugin other than the contents of the structures that are passed back to it by the initialization function.

This should be stressed again: do not assume you have access to any functions except through links that your library explicitly makes or through what is provided via the sasl_utils_t structure.

Error reporting is very important for failed authentication tracking and helping to debug installations or authentication problems. For that reason, in addition to the standard SASL return codes, the glue code provides an interface to its seterror function (via sasl_utils_t). This function sets detailed error information for a given connection.

In order to ensure consistency of this information, it is the responsibility of the deepest function with access to the sasl_conn_t make the call to set the errdetail string.

Memory allocation in SASLv2 follows the simple paradigm that if you allocate it, you free it. This improves portability, and allows for a large performance improvement over SASLv1. To prevent memory leaks (especially in the mechanism plugins), please ensure that you follow this paradigm.

Mechanism plugins used to have to worry about the situation where they needed clients to send first (or server to send last), yet the protocol did not support it. Luckily, this is now handled by the glue code, provided that the plugin declares the appropriate flags in the structure returned by its init function. Thus, the step functions will not have to worry about these issues and can be implemented knowing they will be called only when the application actually has data for them and/or will allow them to send data. These flags are as follows:

If neither flag is set, the mechanism will handle the client-send first situation internally, because the client may or may not send first. (e.g. DIGEST-MD5). In this case, the plugin must intelligently check for the presence (or absence) of clientin/serverin data. Note that the optional client send-first is only possible when the protocol permits an initial response.

The server send last situation is handled by the plugin intelligently setting *serverout when the step function returns SASL_OK. For mechanisms which never send last (e.g. PLAIN), *serverout must be set to NULL. For mechanisms which always send last (e.g. DIGEST-MD5), *serverout must point to the success data. For mechanisms in which the server may or may not send last (e.g. SRP), *serverout must be set accordingly.

Client Plugins

Client-side mechanism plugins are generally included in the same plugin with their server counterpart, though this is not a requirement. They take care of the client-side of the SASL negotiation. For a simple example, see the ANONYMOUS plugin.

Client plugins must export sasl_client_plug_init which returns a sasl_client_plug_t in order to load. The structure has several functional members and a global context (which applies to all connections using the plugin). The important ones are described briefly here.

Server-side mechanism plugins are generally included in the same plugin with their client counterpart, though this is not a requirement. They take care of the server-side of the SASL negotiation, and are generally more complicated than their client-side counterparts. For a simple example, see the ANONYMOUS plugin.

Server plugins must export sasl_server_plug_init which returns a sasl_server_plug_t in order to load. The structure has several functional members and a global context (which applies to all connections using the plugin). The important ones are described briefly here.

User Canonicalization plugins allow for nonstandard ways of canonicalizing the username. They are subject to the following requirements:

User canonicalization plugins must export a sasl_canonuser_init function which returns a sasl_canonuser_plug_t in order to load successfully. They must implement at least one of the canon_user_client or canon_user_server members of the sasl_canonuser_plug_t. The INTERNAL canon_user plugin that is inside of the glue code implements both in the same way.

Perhaps the most exciting addition in SASLv2, Auxprop plugins allow for an easy way to perform password and secret lookups (as well as other information needed for authentication and authorization) from directory services, and in the same request allow the application to receive properties that it needs to provide the service.

Auxprop plugins need to export the sasl_auxprop_init function and pass back a sasl_auxprop_plug_t in order to load successfully. The sasldb plugin included with the Cyrus SASL distribution would be a good place to start.

Interfacing with property contexts is extremely well documented in prop.h and so that is omitted here. The only important note is to be sure that you are using the interfaces provided through the sasl_utils_t structure and not calling the functions directly.

To successfully implement an auxprop plugin there is only one required function to implement, that is the auxprop_lookup member of the sasl_auxprop_plug_t. This is called just after canonicalization of the username, with the canonicalized username. It can then do whatever lookups are necessary for any of the requested auxiliary properties.

SASL Plugin Programmer's Guide

NOTE: This is a work in progress. Any contributions would be very appreciated

Contents

Introduction

About this Guide

What is SASL?

Common Section

Overview of Plugin Programming

Use of sasl_utils_t

Error Reporting

Memory Allocation

Client Send First / Server Send Last

Client Plugins

Server Plugins

User Canonicalization (canon_user) Plugins

Auxiliary Property (auxprop) Plugins