NG4R3P

Linux 4gvps.4gvps.com 3.10.0-1127.18.2.vz7.163.46 #1 SMP Fri Nov 20 21:47:55 MSK 2020 x86_64
SOFT : Apache PHP : 7.4.33
/proc/self/root/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/IPC/

38.135.39.45

[ NAME ]	[ SIZE ]	[ PERM ]	[ DATE ]	[ ACT ]
+FILE +DIR
Cmd.pm	58.309 KB	-rw-r--r--	2013-03-02 22:00	R E G D
REQUEST EXIT

package IPC::Cmd; use strict; BEGIN { use constant IS_VMS => $^O eq 'VMS' ? 1 : 0; use constant IS_WIN32 => $^O eq 'MSWin32' ? 1 : 0; use constant IS_WIN98 => (IS_WIN32 and !Win32::IsWinNT()) ? 1 : 0; use constant ALARM_CLASS => __PACKAGE__ . '::TimeOut'; use constant SPECIAL_CHARS => qw[< > | &]; use constant QUOTE => do { IS_WIN32 ? q["] : q['] }; use Exporter (); use vars qw[ @ISA $VERSION @EXPORT_OK $VERBOSE $DEBUG $USE_IPC_RUN $USE_IPC_OPEN3 $CAN_USE_RUN_FORKED $WARN $INSTANCES $ALLOW_NULL_ARGS ]; $VERSION = '0.80'; $VERBOSE = 0; $DEBUG = 0; $WARN = 1; $USE_IPC_RUN = IS_WIN32 && !IS_WIN98; $USE_IPC_OPEN3 = not IS_VMS; $ALLOW_NULL_ARGS = 0; $CAN_USE_RUN_FORKED = 0; eval { require POSIX; POSIX->import(); require IPC::Open3; IPC::Open3->import(); require IO::Select; IO::Select->import(); require IO::Handle; IO::Handle->import(); require FileHandle; FileHandle->import(); require Socket; Socket->import(); require Time::HiRes; Time::HiRes->import(); require Win32 if IS_WIN32; }; $CAN_USE_RUN_FORKED = $@ || !IS_VMS && !IS_WIN32; @ISA = qw[Exporter]; @EXPORT_OK = qw[can_run run run_forked QUOTE]; } require Carp; use Socket; use File::Spec; use Params::Check qw[check]; use Text::ParseWords (); # import ONLY if needed! use Module::Load::Conditional qw[can_load]; use Locale::Maketext::Simple Style => 'gettext'; =pod =head1 NAME IPC::Cmd - finding and running system commands made easy =head1 SYNOPSIS use IPC::Cmd qw[can_run run run_forked]; my $full_path = can_run('wget') or warn 'wget is not installed!'; ### commands can be arrayrefs or strings ### my $cmd = "$full_path -b theregister.co.uk"; my $cmd = [$full_path, '-b', 'theregister.co.uk']; ### in scalar context ### my $buffer; if( scalar run( command => $cmd, verbose => 0, buffer => \$buffer, timeout => 20 ) ) { print "fetched webpage successfully: $buffer\n"; } ### in list context ### my( $success, $error_message, $full_buf, $stdout_buf, $stderr_buf ) = run( command => $cmd, verbose => 0 ); if( $success ) { print "this is what the command printed:\n"; print join "", @$full_buf; } ### check for features print "IPC::Open3 available: " . IPC::Cmd->can_use_ipc_open3; print "IPC::Run available: " . IPC::Cmd->can_use_ipc_run; print "Can capture buffer: " . IPC::Cmd->can_capture_buffer; ### don't have IPC::Cmd be verbose, ie don't print to stdout or ### stderr when running commands -- default is '0' $IPC::Cmd::VERBOSE = 0; =head1 DESCRIPTION IPC::Cmd allows you to run commands platform independently, interactively if desired, but have them still work. The C function can tell you if a certain binary is installed and if so where, whereas the C function can actually execute any of the commands you give it and give you a clear return value, as well as adhere to your verbosity settings. =head1 CLASS METHODS =head2 $ipc_run_version = IPC::Cmd->can_use_ipc_run( [VERBOSE] ) Utility function that tells you if C is available. If the C flag is passed, it will print diagnostic messages if L can not be found or loaded. =cut sub can_use_ipc_run { my $self = shift; my $verbose = shift || 0; ### IPC::Run doesn't run on win98 return if IS_WIN98; ### if we dont have ipc::run, we obviously can't use it. return unless can_load( modules => { 'IPC::Run' => '0.55' }, verbose => ($WARN && $verbose), ); ### otherwise, we're good to go return $IPC::Run::VERSION; } =head2 $ipc_open3_version = IPC::Cmd->can_use_ipc_open3( [VERBOSE] ) Utility function that tells you if C is available. If the verbose flag is passed, it will print diagnostic messages if C can not be found or loaded. =cut sub can_use_ipc_open3 { my $self = shift; my $verbose = shift || 0; ### IPC::Open3 is not working on VMS because of a lack of fork. return if IS_VMS; ### IPC::Open3 works on every non-VMS platform platform, but it can't ### capture buffers on win32 :( return unless can_load( modules => { map {$_ => '0.0'} qw|IPC::Open3 IO::Select Symbol| }, verbose => ($WARN && $verbose), ); return $IPC::Open3::VERSION; } =head2 $bool = IPC::Cmd->can_capture_buffer Utility function that tells you if C is capable of capturing buffers in it's current configuration. =cut sub can_capture_buffer { my $self = shift; return 1 if $USE_IPC_RUN && $self->can_use_ipc_run; return 1 if $USE_IPC_OPEN3 && $self->can_use_ipc_open3; return; } =head2 $bool = IPC::Cmd->can_use_run_forked Utility function that tells you if C is capable of providing C on the current platform. =head1 FUNCTIONS =head2 $path = can_run( PROGRAM ); C takes only one argument: the name of a binary you wish to locate. C works much like the unix binary C or the bash command C, which scans through your path, looking for the requested binary. Unlike C and C, this function is platform independent and will also work on, for example, Win32. If called in a scalar context it will return the full path to the binary you asked for if it was found, or C if it was not. If called in a list context and the global variable C<$INSTANCES> is a true value, it will return a list of the full paths to instances of the binary where found in C, or an empty list if it was not found. =cut sub can_run { my $command = shift; # a lot of VMS executables have a symbol defined # check those first if ( $^O eq 'VMS' ) { require VMS::DCLsym; my $syms = VMS::DCLsym->new; return $command if scalar $syms->getsym( uc $command ); } require File::Spec; require ExtUtils::MakeMaker; my @possibles; if( File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($command) ) { return MM->maybe_command($command); } else { for my $dir ( File::Spec->path, File::Spec->curdir ) { next if ! $dir || ! -d $dir; my $abs = File::Spec->catfile( IS_WIN32 ? Win32::GetShortPathName( $dir ) : $dir, $command); push @possibles, $abs if $abs = MM->maybe_command($abs); } } return @possibles if wantarray and $INSTANCES; return shift @possibles; } =head2 $ok | ($ok, $err, $full_buf, $stdout_buff, $stderr_buff) = run( command => COMMAND, [verbose => BOOL, buffer => \$SCALAR, timeout => DIGIT] ); C takes 4 arguments: =over 4 =item command This is the command to execute. It may be either a string or an array reference. This is a required argument. See L<"Caveats"> for remarks on how commands are parsed and their limitations. =item verbose This controls whether all output of a command should also be printed to STDOUT/STDERR or should only be trapped in buffers (NOTE: buffers require L to be installed, or your system able to work with L). It will default to the global setting of C<$IPC::Cmd::VERBOSE>, which by default is 0. =item buffer This will hold all the output of a command. It needs to be a reference to a scalar. Note that this will hold both the STDOUT and STDERR messages, and you have no way of telling which is which. If you require this distinction, run the C command in list context and inspect the individual buffers. Of course, this requires that the underlying call supports buffers. See the note on buffers above. =item timeout Sets the maximum time the command is allowed to run before aborting, using the built-in C call. If the timeout is triggered, the C in the return value will be set to an object of the C class. See the L<"error message"> section below for details. Defaults to C<0>, meaning no timeout is set. =back C will return a simple C or C when called in scalar context. In list context, you will be returned a list of the following items: =over 4 =item success A simple boolean indicating if the command executed without errors or not. =item error message If the first element of the return value (C) was 0, then some error occurred. This second element is the error message the command you requested exited with, if available. This is generally a pretty printed value of C<$?> or C<$@>. See C for details on what they can contain. If the error was a timeout, the C will be prefixed with the string C, the timeout class. =item full_buffer This is an array reference containing all the output the command generated. Note that buffers are only available if you have L installed, or if your system is able to work with L -- see below). Otherwise, this element will be C. =item out_buffer This is an array reference containing all the output sent to STDOUT the command generated. The notes from L<"full_buffer"> apply. =item error_buffer This is an arrayreference containing all the output sent to STDERR the command generated. The notes from L<"full_buffer"> apply. =back See the L<"HOW IT WORKS"> section below to see how C decides what modules or function calls to use when issuing a command. =cut { my @acc = qw[ok error _fds]; ### autogenerate accessors ### for my $key ( @acc ) { no strict 'refs'; *{__PACKAGE__."::$key"} = sub { $_[0]->{$key} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; return $_[0]->{$key}; } } } sub can_use_run_forked { return $CAN_USE_RUN_FORKED eq "1"; } # incompatible with POSIX::SigAction # sub install_layered_signal { my ($s, $handler_code) = @_; my %available_signals = map {$_ => 1} keys %SIG; die("install_layered_signal got nonexistent signal name [$s]") unless defined($available_signals{$s}); die("install_layered_signal expects coderef") if !ref($handler_code) || ref($handler_code) ne 'CODE'; my $previous_handler = $SIG{$s}; my $sig_handler = sub { my ($called_sig_name, @sig_param) = @_; # $s is a closure referring to real signal name # for which this handler is being installed. # it is used to distinguish between # real signal handlers and aliased signal handlers my $signal_name = $s; # $called_sig_name is a signal name which # was passed to this signal handler; # it doesn't equal $signal_name in case # some signal handlers in %SIG point # to other signal handler (CHLD and CLD, # ABRT and IOT) # # initial signal handler for aliased signal # calls some other signal handler which # should not execute the same handler_code again if ($called_sig_name eq $signal_name) { $handler_code->($signal_name); } # run original signal handler if any (including aliased) # if (ref($previous_handler)) { $previous_handler->($called_sig_name, @sig_param); } }; $SIG{$s} = $sig_handler; } # give process a chance sending TERM, # waiting for a while (2 seconds) # and killing it with KILL sub kill_gently { my ($pid, $opts) = @_; require POSIX; $opts = {} unless $opts; $opts->{'wait_time'} = 2 unless defined($opts->{'wait_time'}); $opts->{'first_kill_type'} = 'just_process' unless $opts->{'first_kill_type'}; $opts->{'final_kill_type'} = 'just_process' unless $opts->{'final_kill_type'}; if ($opts->{'first_kill_type'} eq 'just_process') { kill(15, $pid); } elsif ($opts->{'first_kill_type'} eq 'process_group') { kill(-15, $pid); } my $child_finished = 0; my $wait_start_time = time(); while (!$child_finished && $wait_start_time + $opts->{'wait_time'} > time()) { my $waitpid = waitpid($pid, POSIX::WNOHANG); if ($waitpid eq -1) { $child_finished = 1; } Time::HiRes::usleep(250000); # quarter of a second } if (!$child_finished) { if ($opts->{'final_kill_type'} eq 'just_process') { kill(9, $pid); } elsif ($opts->{'final_kill_type'} eq 'process_group') { kill(-9, $pid); } } } sub open3_run { my ($cmd, $opts) = @_; $opts = {} unless $opts; my $child_in = FileHandle->new; my $child_out = FileHandle->new; my $child_err = FileHandle->new; $child_out->autoflush(1); $child_err->autoflush(1); my $pid = open3($child_in, $child_out, $child_err, $cmd); # push my child's pid to our parent # so in case i am killed parent # could stop my child (search for # child_child_pid in parent code) if ($opts->{'parent_info'}) { my $ps = $opts->{'parent_info'}; print $ps "spawned $pid\n"; } if ($child_in && $child_out->opened && $opts->{'child_stdin'}) { # If the child process dies for any reason, # the next write to CHLD_IN is likely to generate # a SIGPIPE in the parent, which is fatal by default. # So you may wish to handle this signal. # # from http://perldoc.perl.org/IPC/Open3.html, # absolutely needed to catch piped commands errors. # local $SIG{'PIPE'} = sub { 1; }; print $child_in $opts->{'child_stdin'}; } close($child_in); my $child_output = { 'out' => $child_out->fileno, 'err' => $child_err->fileno, $child_out->fileno => { 'parent_socket' => $opts->{'parent_stdout'}, 'scalar_buffer' => "", 'child_handle' => $child_out, 'block_size' => ($child_out->stat)[11] || 1024, }, $child_err->fileno => { 'parent_socket' => $opts->{'parent_stderr'}, 'scalar_buffer' => "", 'child_handle' => $child_err, 'block_size' => ($child_err->stat)[11] || 1024, }, }; my $select = IO::Select->new(); $select->add($child_out, $child_err); # pass any signal to the child # effectively creating process # strongly attached to the child: # it will terminate only after child # has terminated (except for SIGKILL, # which is specially handled) foreach my $s (keys %SIG) { my $sig_handler; $sig_handler = sub { kill("$s", $pid); $SIG{$s} = $sig_handler; }; $SIG{$s} = $sig_handler; } my $child_finished = 0; my $got_sig_child = 0; $SIG{'CHLD'} = sub { $got_sig_child = time(); }; while(!$child_finished && ($child_out->opened || $child_err->opened)) { # parent was killed otherwise we would have got # the same signal as parent and process it same way if (getppid() eq "1") { # end my process group with all the children # (i am the process group leader, so my pid # equals to the process group id) # # same thing which is done # with $opts->{'clean_up_children'} # in run_forked # kill(-9, $$); POSIX::_exit 1; } if ($got_sig_child) { if (time() - $got_sig_child > 1) { # select->can_read doesn't return 0 after SIG_CHLD # # "On POSIX-compliant platforms, SIGCHLD is the signal # sent to a process when a child process terminates." # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIGCHLD # # nevertheless kill KILL wouldn't break anything here # kill (9, $pid); $child_finished = 1; } } Time::HiRes::usleep(1); foreach my $fd ($select->can_read(1/100)) { my $str = $child_output->{$fd->fileno}; psSnake::die("child stream not found: $fd") unless $str; my $data; my $count = $fd->sysread($data, $str->{'block_size'}); if ($count) { if ($str->{'parent_socket'}) { my $ph = $str->{'parent_socket'}; print $ph $data; } else { $str->{'scalar_buffer'} .= $data; } } elsif ($count eq 0) { $select->remove($fd); $fd->close(); } else { psSnake::die("error during sysread: " . $!); } } } my $waitpid_ret = waitpid($pid, 0); my $real_exit = $?; my $exit_value = $real_exit >> 8; # since we've successfully reaped the child, # let our parent know about this. # if ($opts->{'parent_info'}) { my $ps = $opts->{'parent_info'}; # child was killed, inform parent if ($real_exit & 127) { print $ps "$pid killed with " . ($real_exit & 127) . "\n"; } print $ps "reaped $pid\n"; } if ($opts->{'parent_stdout'} || $opts->{'parent_stderr'}) { return $exit_value; } else { return { 'stdout' => $child_output->{$child_output->{'out'}}->{'scalar_buffer'}, 'stderr' => $child_output->{$child_output->{'err'}}->{'scalar_buffer'}, 'exit_code' => $exit_value, }; } } =head2 $hashref = run_forked( COMMAND, { child_stdin => SCALAR, timeout => DIGIT, stdout_handler => CODEREF, stderr_handler => CODEREF} ); C is used to execute some program or a coderef, optionally feed it with some input, get its return code and output (both stdout and stderr into separate buffers). In addition, it allows to terminate the program if it takes too long to finish. The important and distinguishing feature of run_forked is execution timeout which at first seems to be quite a simple task but if you think that the program which you're spawning might spawn some children itself (which in their turn could do the same and so on) it turns out to be not a simple issue. C is designed to survive and successfully terminate almost any long running task, even a fork bomb in case your system has the resources to survive during given timeout. This is achieved by creating separate watchdog process which spawns the specified program in a separate process session and supervises it: optionally feeds it with input, stores its exit code, stdout and stderr, terminates it in case it runs longer than specified. Invocation requires the command to be executed or a coderef and optionally a hashref of options: =over =item C Specify in seconds how long to run the command before it is killed with with SIG_KILL (9), which effectively terminates it and all of its children (direct or indirect). =item C Specify some text that will be passed into the C of the executed program. =item C Coderef of a subroutine to call when a portion of data is received on STDOUT from the executing program. =item C Coderef of a subroutine to call when a portion of data is received on STDERR from the executing program. =item C Discards the buffering of the standard output and standard errors for return by run_forked(). With this option you have to use the std*_handlers to read what the command outputs. Useful for commands that send a lot of output. =item C Enable this option if you wish all spawned processes to be killed if the initially spawned process (the parent) is killed or dies without waiting for child processes. =back C will return a HASHREF with the following keys: =over =item C The exit code of the executed program. =item C The number of seconds the program ran for before being terminated, or 0 if no timeout occurred. =item C Holds the standard output of the executed command (or empty string if there was no STDOUT output or if C was used; it's always defined!) =item C Holds the standard error of the executed command (or empty string if there was no STDERR output or if C was used; it's always defined!) =item C Holds the standard output and error of the executed command merged into one stream (or empty string if there was no output at all or if C was used; it's always defined!) =item C Holds some explanation in the case of an error. =back =cut sub run_forked { ### container to store things in my $self = bless {}, __PACKAGE__; require POSIX; if (!can_use_run_forked()) { Carp::carp("run_forked is not available: $CAN_USE_RUN_FORKED"); return; } my ($cmd, $opts) = @_; if (!$cmd) { Carp::carp("run_forked expects command to run"); return; } $opts = {} unless $opts; $opts->{'timeout'} = 0 unless $opts->{'timeout'}; $opts->{'terminate_wait_time'} = 2 unless defined($opts->{'terminate_wait_time'}); # turned on by default $opts->{'clean_up_children'} = 1 unless defined($opts->{'clean_up_children'}); # sockets to pass child stdout to parent my $child_stdout_socket; my $parent_stdout_socket; # sockets to pass child stderr to parent my $child_stderr_socket; my $parent_stderr_socket; # sockets for child -> parent internal communication my $child_info_socket; my $parent_info_socket; socketpair($child_stdout_socket, $parent_stdout_socket, AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, PF_UNSPEC) || die ("socketpair: $!"); socketpair($child_stderr_socket, $parent_stderr_socket, AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, PF_UNSPEC) || die ("socketpair: $!"); socketpair($child_info_socket, $parent_info_socket, AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, PF_UNSPEC) || die ("socketpair: $!"); $child_stdout_socket->autoflush(1); $parent_stdout_socket->autoflush(1); $child_stderr_socket->autoflush(1); $parent_stderr_socket->autoflush(1); $child_info_socket->autoflush(1); $parent_info_socket->autoflush(1); my $start_time = time(); my $pid; if ($pid = fork) { # we are a parent close($parent_stdout_socket); close($parent_stderr_socket); close($parent_info_socket); my $flags; # prepare sockets to read from child $flags = 0; fcntl($child_stdout_socket, POSIX::F_GETFL, $flags) || die "can't fnctl F_GETFL: $!"; $flags |= POSIX::O_NONBLOCK; fcntl($child_stdout_socket, POSIX::F_SETFL, $flags) || die "can't fnctl F_SETFL: $!"; $flags = 0; fcntl($child_stderr_socket, POSIX::F_GETFL, $flags) || die "can't fnctl F_GETFL: $!"; $flags |= POSIX::O_NONBLOCK; fcntl($child_stderr_socket, POSIX::F_SETFL, $flags) || die "can't fnctl F_SETFL: $!"; $flags = 0; fcntl($child_info_socket, POSIX::F_GETFL, $flags) || die "can't fnctl F_GETFL: $!"; $flags |= POSIX::O_NONBLOCK; fcntl($child_info_socket, POSIX::F_SETFL, $flags) || die "can't fnctl F_SETFL: $!"; # print "child $pid started\n"; my $child_timedout = 0; my $child_finished = 0; my $child_stdout = ''; my $child_stderr = ''; my $child_merged = ''; my $child_exit_code = 0; my $child_killed_by_signal = 0; my $parent_died = 0; my $got_sig_child = 0; my $got_sig_quit = 0; my $orig_sig_child = $SIG{'CHLD'}; $SIG{'CHLD'} = sub { $got_sig_child = time(); }; if ($opts->{'terminate_on_signal'}) { install_layered_signal($opts->{'terminate_on_signal'}, sub { $got_sig_quit = time(); }); } my $child_child_pid; while (!$child_finished) { my $now = time(); if ($opts->{'terminate_on_parent_sudden_death'}) { $opts->{'runtime'}->{'last_parent_check'} = 0 unless defined($opts->{'runtime'}->{'last_parent_check'}); # check for parent once each five seconds if ($now - $opts->{'runtime'}->{'last_parent_check'} > 5) { if (getppid() eq "1") { kill_gently ($pid, { 'first_kill_type' => 'process_group', 'final_kill_type' => 'process_group', 'wait_time' => $opts->{'terminate_wait_time'} }); $parent_died = 1; } $opts->{'runtime'}->{'last_parent_check'} = $now; } } # user specified timeout if ($opts->{'timeout'}) { if ($now - $start_time > $opts->{'timeout'}) { kill_gently ($pid, { 'first_kill_type' => 'process_group', 'final_kill_type' => 'process_group', 'wait_time' => $opts->{'terminate_wait_time'} }); $child_timedout = 1; } } # give OS 10 seconds for correct return of waitpid, # kill process after that and finish wait loop; # shouldn't ever happen -- remove this code? if ($got_sig_child) { if ($now - $got_sig_child > 10) { print STDERR "waitpid did not return -1 for 10 seconds after SIG_CHLD, killing [$pid]\n"; kill (-9, $pid); $child_finished = 1; } } if ($got_sig_quit) { kill_gently ($pid, { 'first_kill_type' => 'process_group', 'final_kill_type' => 'process_group', 'wait_time' => $opts->{'terminate_wait_time'} }); $child_finished = 1; } my $waitpid = waitpid($pid, POSIX::WNOHANG); # child finished, catch it's exit status if ($waitpid ne 0 && $waitpid ne -1) { $child_exit_code = $? >> 8; } if ($waitpid eq -1) { $child_finished = 1; next; } # child -> parent simple internal communication protocol while (my $l = <$child_info_socket>) { if ($l =~ /^spawned ([0-9]+?)\n(.*?)/so) { $child_child_pid = $1; $l = $2; } if ($l =~ /^reaped ([0-9]+?)\n(.*?)/so) { $child_child_pid = undef; $l = $2; } if ($l =~ /^[\d]+ killed with ([0-9]+?)\n(.*?)/so) { $child_killed_by_signal = $1; $l = $2; } } while (my $l = <$child_stdout_socket>) { if (!$opts->{'discard_output'}) { $child_stdout .= $l; $child_merged .= $l; } if ($opts->{'stdout_handler'} && ref($opts->{'stdout_handler'}) eq 'CODE') { $opts->{'stdout_handler'}->($l); } } while (my $l = <$child_stderr_socket>) { if (!$opts->{'discard_output'}) { $child_stderr .= $l; $child_merged .= $l; } if ($opts->{'stderr_handler'} && ref($opts->{'stderr_handler'}) eq 'CODE') { $opts->{'stderr_handler'}->($l); } } Time::HiRes::usleep(1); } # $child_pid_pid is not defined in two cases: # * when our child was killed before # it had chance to tell us the pid # of the child it spawned. we can do # nothing in this case :( # * our child successfully reaped its child, # we have nothing left to do in this case # # defined $child_pid_pid means child's child # has not died but nobody is waiting for it, # killing it brutally. # if ($child_child_pid) { kill_gently($child_child_pid); } # in case there are forks in child which # do not forward or process signals (TERM) correctly # kill whole child process group, effectively trying # not to return with some children or their parts still running # # to be more accurate -- we need to be sure # that this is process group created by our child # (and not some other process group with the same pgid, # created just after death of our child) -- fortunately # this might happen only when process group ids # are reused quickly (there are lots of processes # spawning new process groups for example) # if ($opts->{'clean_up_children'}) { kill(-9, $pid); } # print "child $pid finished\n"; close($child_stdout_socket); close($child_stderr_socket); close($child_info_socket); my $o = { 'stdout' => $child_stdout, 'stderr' => $child_stderr, 'merged' => $child_merged, 'timeout' => $child_timedout ? $opts->{'timeout'} : 0, 'exit_code' => $child_exit_code, 'parent_died' => $parent_died, 'killed_by_signal' => $child_killed_by_signal, 'child_pgid' => $pid, }; my $err_msg = ''; if ($o->{'exit_code'}) { $err_msg .= "exited with code [$o->{'exit_code'}]\n"; } if ($o->{'timeout'}) { $err_msg .= "ran more than [$o->{'timeout'}] seconds\n"; } if ($o->{'parent_died'}) { $err_msg .= "parent died\n"; } if ($o->{'stdout'}) { $err_msg .= "stdout:\n" . $o->{'stdout'} . "\n"; } if ($o->{'stderr'}) { $err_msg .= "stderr:\n" . $o->{'stderr'} . "\n"; } if ($o->{'killed_by_signal'}) { $err_msg .= "killed by signal [" . $o->{'killed_by_signal'} . "]\n"; } $o->{'err_msg'} = $err_msg; if ($orig_sig_child) { $SIG{'CHLD'} = $orig_sig_child; } else { delete($SIG{'CHLD'}); } return $o; } else { die("cannot fork: $!") unless defined($pid); # create new process session for open3 call, # so we hopefully can kill all the subprocesses # which might be spawned in it (except for those # which do setsid theirselves -- can't do anything # with those) POSIX::setsid() || die("Error running setsid: " . $!); if ($opts->{'child_BEGIN'} && ref($opts->{'child_BEGIN'}) eq 'CODE') { $opts->{'child_BEGIN'}->(); } close($child_stdout_socket); close($child_stderr_socket); close($child_info_socket); my $child_exit_code; # allow both external programs # and internal perl calls if (!ref($cmd)) { $child_exit_code = open3_run($cmd, { 'parent_info' => $parent_info_socket, 'parent_stdout' => $parent_stdout_socket, 'parent_stderr' => $parent_stderr_socket, 'child_stdin' => $opts->{'child_stdin'}, }); } elsif (ref($cmd) eq 'CODE') { $child_exit_code = $cmd->({ 'opts' => $opts, 'parent_info' => $parent_info_socket, 'parent_stdout' => $parent_stdout_socket, 'parent_stderr' => $parent_stderr_socket, 'child_stdin' => $opts->{'child_stdin'}, }); } else { print $parent_stderr_socket "Invalid command reference: " . ref($cmd) . "\n"; $child_exit_code = 1; } close($parent_stdout_socket); close($parent_stderr_socket); close($parent_info_socket); if ($opts->{'child_END'} && ref($opts->{'child_END'}) eq 'CODE') { $opts->{'child_END'}->(); } POSIX::_exit $child_exit_code; } } sub run { ### container to store things in my $self = bless {}, __PACKAGE__; my %hash = @_; ### if the user didn't provide a buffer, we'll store it here. my $def_buf = ''; my($verbose,$cmd,$buffer,$timeout); my $tmpl = { verbose => { default => $VERBOSE, store => \$verbose }, buffer => { default => \$def_buf, store => \$buffer }, command => { required => 1, store => \$cmd, allow => sub { !ref($_[0]) or ref($_[0]) eq 'ARRAY' }, }, timeout => { default => 0, store => \$timeout }, }; unless( check( $tmpl, \%hash, $VERBOSE ) ) { Carp::carp( loc( "Could not validate input: %1", Params::Check->last_error ) ); return; }; $cmd = _quote_args_vms( $cmd ) if IS_VMS; ### strip any empty elements from $cmd if present if ( $ALLOW_NULL_ARGS ) { $cmd = [ grep { defined } @$cmd ] if ref $cmd; } else { $cmd = [ grep { defined && length } @$cmd ] if ref $cmd; } my $pp_cmd = (ref $cmd ? "@$cmd" : $cmd); print loc("Running [%1]...\n", $pp_cmd ) if $verbose; ### did the user pass us a buffer to fill or not? if so, set this ### flag so we know what is expected of us ### XXX this is now being ignored. in the future, we could add diagnostic ### messages based on this logic #my $user_provided_buffer = $buffer == \$def_buf ? 0 : 1; ### buffers that are to be captured my( @buffer, @buff_err, @buff_out ); ### capture STDOUT my $_out_handler = sub { my $buf = shift; return unless defined $buf; print STDOUT $buf if $verbose; push @buffer, $buf; push @buff_out, $buf; }; ### capture STDERR my $_err_handler = sub { my $buf = shift; return unless defined $buf; print STDERR $buf if $verbose; push @buffer, $buf; push @buff_err, $buf; }; ### flag to indicate we have a buffer captured my $have_buffer = $self->can_capture_buffer ? 1 : 0; ### flag indicating if the subcall went ok my $ok; ### dont look at previous errors: local $?; local $@; local $!; ### we might be having a timeout set eval { local $SIG{ALRM} = sub { die bless sub { ALARM_CLASS . qq[: Command '$pp_cmd' aborted by alarm after $timeout seconds] }, ALARM_CLASS } if $timeout; alarm $timeout || 0; ### IPC::Run is first choice if $USE_IPC_RUN is set. if( !IS_WIN32 and $USE_IPC_RUN and $self->can_use_ipc_run( 1 ) ) { ### ipc::run handlers needs the command as a string or an array ref $self->_debug( "# Using IPC::Run. Have buffer: $have_buffer" ) if $DEBUG; $ok = $self->_ipc_run( $cmd, $_out_handler, $_err_handler ); ### since IPC::Open3 works on all platforms, and just fails on ### win32 for capturing buffers, do that ideally } elsif ( $USE_IPC_OPEN3 and $self->can_use_ipc_open3( 1 ) ) { $self->_debug("# Using IPC::Open3. Have buffer: $have_buffer") if $DEBUG; ### in case there are pipes in there; ### IPC::Open3 will call exec and exec will do the right thing my $method = IS_WIN32 ? '_open3_run_win32' : '_open3_run'; $ok = $self->$method( $cmd, $_out_handler, $_err_handler, $verbose ); ### if we are allowed to run verbose, just dispatch the system command } else { $self->_debug( "# Using system(). Have buffer: $have_buffer" ) if $DEBUG; $ok = $self->_system_run( $cmd, $verbose ); } alarm 0; }; ### restore STDIN after duping, or STDIN will be closed for ### this current perl process! $self->__reopen_fds( @{ $self->_fds} ) if $self->_fds; my $err; unless( $ok ) { ### alarm happened if ( $@ and ref $@ and $@->isa( ALARM_CLASS ) ) { $err = $@->(); # the error code is an expired alarm ### another error happened, set by the dispatchub } else { $err = $self->error; } } ### fill the buffer; $$buffer = join '', @buffer if @buffer; ### return a list of flags and buffers (if available) in list ### context, or just a simple 'ok' in scalar return wantarray ? $have_buffer ? ($ok, $err, \@buffer, \@buff_out, \@buff_err) : ($ok, $err ) : $ok } sub _open3_run_win32 { my $self = shift; my $cmd = shift; my $outhand = shift; my $errhand = shift; my $pipe = sub { socketpair($_[0], $_[1], AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, PF_UNSPEC) or return undef; shutdown($_[0], 1); # No more writing for reader shutdown($_[1], 0); # No more reading for writer return 1; }; my $open3 = sub { local (*TO_CHLD_R, *TO_CHLD_W); local (*FR_CHLD_R, *FR_CHLD_W); local (*FR_CHLD_ERR_R, *FR_CHLD_ERR_W); $pipe->(*TO_CHLD_R, *TO_CHLD_W ) or die $^E; $pipe->(*FR_CHLD_R, *FR_CHLD_W ) or die $^E; $pipe->(*FR_CHLD_ERR_R, *FR_CHLD_ERR_W) or die $^E; my $pid = IPC::Open3::open3('>&TO_CHLD_R', '<&FR_CHLD_W', '<&FR_CHLD_ERR_W', @_); return ( $pid, *TO_CHLD_W, *FR_CHLD_R, *FR_CHLD_ERR_R ); }; $cmd = [ grep { defined && length } @$cmd ] if ref $cmd; $cmd = $self->__fix_cmd_whitespace_and_special_chars( $cmd ); my ($pid, $to_chld, $fr_chld, $fr_chld_err) = $open3->( ( ref $cmd ? @$cmd : $cmd ) ); my $in_sel = IO::Select->new(); my $out_sel = IO::Select->new(); my %objs; $objs{ fileno( $fr_chld ) } = $outhand; $objs{ fileno( $fr_chld_err ) } = $errhand; $in_sel->add( $fr_chld ); $in_sel->add( $fr_chld_err ); close($to_chld); while ($in_sel->count() + $out_sel->count()) { my ($ins, $outs) = IO::Select::select($in_sel, $out_sel, undef); for my $fh (@$ins) { my $obj = $objs{ fileno($fh) }; my $buf; my $bytes_read = sysread($fh, $buf, 64*1024 ); #, length($buf)); if (!$bytes_read) { $in_sel->remove($fh); } else { $obj->( "$buf" ); } } for my $fh (@$outs) { } } waitpid($pid, 0); ### some error occurred if( $? ) { $self->error( $self->_pp_child_error( $cmd, $? ) ); $self->ok( 0 ); return; } else { return $self->ok( 1 ); } } sub _open3_run { my $self = shift; my $cmd = shift; my $_out_handler = shift; my $_err_handler = shift; my $verbose = shift || 0; ### Following code are adapted from Friar 'abstracts' in the ### Perl Monastery (http://www.perlmonks.org/index.pl?node_id=151886). ### XXX that code didn't work. ### we now use the following code, thanks to theorbtwo ### define them beforehand, so we always have defined FH's ### to read from. use Symbol; my $kidout = Symbol::gensym(); my $kiderror = Symbol::gensym(); ### Dup the filehandle so we can pass 'our' STDIN to the ### child process. This stops us from having to pump input ### from ourselves to the childprocess. However, we will need ### to revive the FH afterwards, as IPC::Open3 closes it. ### We'll do the same for STDOUT and STDERR. It works without ### duping them on non-unix derivatives, but not on win32. my @fds_to_dup = ( IS_WIN32 && !$verbose ? qw[STDIN STDOUT STDERR] : qw[STDIN] ); $self->_fds( \@fds_to_dup ); $self->__dup_fds( @fds_to_dup ); ### pipes have to come in a quoted string, and that clashes with ### whitespace. This sub fixes up such commands so they run properly $cmd = $self->__fix_cmd_whitespace_and_special_chars( $cmd ); ### dont stringify @$cmd, so spaces in filenames/paths are ### treated properly my $pid = eval { IPC::Open3::open3( '<&STDIN', (IS_WIN32 ? '>&STDOUT' : $kidout), (IS_WIN32 ? '>&STDERR' : $kiderror), ( ref $cmd ? @$cmd : $cmd ), ); }; ### open3 error occurred if( $@ and $@ =~ /^open3:/ ) { $self->ok( 0 ); $self->error( $@ ); return; }; ### use OUR stdin, not $kidin. Somehow, ### we never get the input.. so jump through ### some hoops to do it :( my $selector = IO::Select->new( (IS_WIN32 ? \*STDERR : $kiderror), \*STDIN, (IS_WIN32 ? \*STDOUT : $kidout) ); STDOUT->autoflush(1); STDERR->autoflush(1); STDIN->autoflush(1); $kidout->autoflush(1) if UNIVERSAL::can($kidout, 'autoflush'); $kiderror->autoflush(1) if UNIVERSAL::can($kiderror, 'autoflush'); ### add an explicit break statement ### code courtesy of theorbtwo from #london.pm my $stdout_done = 0; my $stderr_done = 0; OUTER: while ( my @ready = $selector->can_read ) { for my $h ( @ready ) { my $buf; ### $len is the amount of bytes read my $len = sysread( $h, $buf, 4096 ); # try to read 4096 bytes ### see perldoc -f sysread: it returns undef on error, ### so bail out. if( not defined $len ) { warn(loc("Error reading from process: %1", $!)); last OUTER; } ### check for $len. it may be 0, at which point we're ### done reading, so don't try to process it. ### if we would print anyway, we'd provide bogus information $_out_handler->( "$buf" ) if $len && $h == $kidout; $_err_handler->( "$buf" ) if $len && $h == $kiderror; ### Wait till child process is done printing to both ### stdout and stderr. $stdout_done = 1 if $h == $kidout and $len == 0; $stderr_done = 1 if $h == $kiderror and $len == 0; last OUTER if ($stdout_done && $stderr_done); } } waitpid $pid, 0; # wait for it to die ### restore STDIN after duping, or STDIN will be closed for ### this current perl process! ### done in the parent call now # $self->__reopen_fds( @fds_to_dup ); ### some error occurred if( $? ) { $self->error( $self->_pp_child_error( $cmd, $? ) ); $self->ok( 0 ); return; } else { return $self->ok( 1 ); } } ### Text::ParseWords::shellwords() uses unix semantics. that will break ### on win32 { my $parse_sub = IS_WIN32 ? __PACKAGE__->can('_split_like_shell_win32') : Text::ParseWords->can('shellwords'); sub _ipc_run { my $self = shift; my $cmd = shift; my $_out_handler = shift; my $_err_handler = shift; STDOUT->autoflush(1); STDERR->autoflush(1); ### a command like: # [ # '/usr/bin/gzip', # '-cdf', # '/Users/kane/sources/p4/other/archive-extract/t/src/x.tgz', # '|', # '/usr/bin/tar', # '-tf -' # ] ### needs to become: # [ # ['/usr/bin/gzip', '-cdf', # '/Users/kane/sources/p4/other/archive-extract/t/src/x.tgz'] # '|', # ['/usr/bin/tar', '-tf -'] # ] my @command; my $special_chars; my $re = do { my $x = join '', SPECIAL_CHARS; qr/([$x])/ }; if( ref $cmd ) { my $aref = []; for my $item (@$cmd) { if( $item =~ $re ) { push @command, $aref, $item; $aref = []; $special_chars .= $1; } else { push @$aref, $item; } } push @command, $aref; } else { @command = map { if( $_ =~ $re ) { $special_chars .= $1; $_; } else { # [ split /\s+/ ] [ map { m/[ ]/ ? qq{'$_'} : $_ } $parse_sub->($_) ] } } split( /\s*$re\s*/, $cmd ); } ### if there's a pipe in the command, *STDIN needs to ### be inserted *BEFORE* the pipe, to work on win32 ### this also works on *nix, so we should do it when possible ### this should *also* work on multiple pipes in the command ### if there's no pipe in the command, append STDIN to the back ### of the command instead. ### XXX seems IPC::Run works it out for itself if you just ### dont pass STDIN at all. # if( $special_chars and $special_chars =~ /\|/ ) { # ### only add STDIN the first time.. # my $i; # @command = map { ($_ eq '|' && not $i++) # ? ( \*STDIN, $_ ) # : $_ # } @command; # } else { # push @command, \*STDIN; # } # \*STDIN is already included in the @command, see a few lines up my $ok = eval { IPC::Run::run( @command, fileno(STDOUT).'>', $_out_handler, fileno(STDERR).'>', $_err_handler ) }; ### all is well if( $ok ) { return $self->ok( $ok ); ### some error occurred } else { $self->ok( 0 ); ### if the eval fails due to an exception, deal with it ### unless it's an alarm if( $@ and not UNIVERSAL::isa( $@, ALARM_CLASS ) ) { $self->error( $@ ); ### if it *is* an alarm, propagate } elsif( $@ ) { die $@; ### some error in the sub command } else { $self->error( $self->_pp_child_error( $cmd, $? ) ); } return; } } } sub _system_run { my $self = shift; my $cmd = shift; my $verbose = shift || 0; ### pipes have to come in a quoted string, and that clashes with ### whitespace. This sub fixes up such commands so they run properly $cmd = $self->__fix_cmd_whitespace_and_special_chars( $cmd ); my @fds_to_dup = $verbose ? () : qw[STDOUT STDERR]; $self->_fds( \@fds_to_dup ); $self->__dup_fds( @fds_to_dup ); ### system returns 'true' on failure -- the exit code of the cmd $self->ok( 1 ); system( ref $cmd ? @$cmd : $cmd ) == 0 or do { $self->error( $self->_pp_child_error( $cmd, $? ) ); $self->ok( 0 ); }; ### done in the parent call now #$self->__reopen_fds( @fds_to_dup ); return unless $self->ok; return $self->ok; } { my %sc_lookup = map { $_ => $_ } SPECIAL_CHARS; sub __fix_cmd_whitespace_and_special_chars { my $self = shift; my $cmd = shift; ### command has a special char in it if( ref $cmd and grep { $sc_lookup{$_} } @$cmd ) { ### since we have special chars, we have to quote white space ### this *may* conflict with the parsing :( my $fixed; my @cmd = map { / / ? do { $fixed++; QUOTE.$_.QUOTE } : $_ } @$cmd; $self->_debug( "# Quoted $fixed arguments containing whitespace" ) if $DEBUG && $fixed; ### stringify it, so the special char isn't escaped as argument ### to the program $cmd = join ' ', @cmd; } return $cmd; } } ### Command-line arguments (but not the command itself) must be quoted ### to ensure case preservation. Borrowed from Module::Build with adaptations. ### Patch for this supplied by Craig Berry, see RT #46288: [PATCH] Add argument ### quoting for run() on VMS sub _quote_args_vms { ### Returns a command string with proper quoting so that the subprocess ### sees this same list of args, or if we get a single arg that is an ### array reference, quote the elements of it (except for the first) ### and return the reference. my @args = @_; my $got_arrayref = (scalar(@args) == 1 && UNIVERSAL::isa($args[0], 'ARRAY')) ? 1 : 0; @args = split(/\s+/, $args[0]) unless $got_arrayref || scalar(@args) > 1; my $cmd = $got_arrayref ? shift @{$args[0]} : shift @args; ### Do not quote qualifiers that begin with '/' or previously quoted args. map { if (/^[^\/\"]/) { $_ =~ s/\"/""/g; # escape C<"> by doubling $_ = q(").$_.q("); } } ($got_arrayref ? @{$args[0]} : @args ); $got_arrayref ? unshift(@{$args[0]}, $cmd) : unshift(@args, $cmd); return $got_arrayref ? $args[0] : join(' ', @args); } ### XXX this is cribbed STRAIGHT from M::B 0.30 here: ### http://search.cpan.org/src/KWILLIAMS/Module-Build-0.30/lib/Module/Build/Platform/Windows.pm:split_like_shell ### XXX this *should* be integrated into text::parsewords sub _split_like_shell_win32 { # As it turns out, Windows command-parsing is very different from # Unix command-parsing. Double-quotes mean different things, # backslashes don't necessarily mean escapes, and so on. So we # can't use Text::ParseWords::shellwords() to break a command string # into words. The algorithm below was bashed out by Randy and Ken # (mostly Randy), and there are a lot of regression tests, so we # should feel free to adjust if desired. local $_ = shift; my @argv; return @argv unless defined() && length(); my $arg = ''; my( $i, $quote_mode ) = ( 0, 0 ); while ( $i < length() ) { my $ch = substr( $_, $i , 1 ); my $next_ch = substr( $_, $i+1, 1 ); if ( $ch eq '\\' && $next_ch eq '"' ) { $arg .= '"'; $i++; } elsif ( $ch eq '\\' && $next_ch eq '\\' ) { $arg .= '\\'; $i++; } elsif ( $ch eq '"' && $next_ch eq '"' && $quote_mode ) { $quote_mode = !$quote_mode; $arg .= '"'; $i++; } elsif ( $ch eq '"' && $next_ch eq '"' && !$quote_mode && ( $i + 2 == length() || substr( $_, $i + 2, 1 ) eq ' ' ) ) { # for cases like: a"" => [ 'a' ] push( @argv, $arg ); $arg = ''; $i += 2; } elsif ( $ch eq '"' ) { $quote_mode = !$quote_mode; } elsif ( $ch eq ' ' && !$quote_mode ) { push( @argv, $arg ) if defined( $arg ) && length( $arg ); $arg = ''; ++$i while substr( $_, $i + 1, 1 ) eq ' '; } else { $arg .= $ch; } $i++; } push( @argv, $arg ) if defined( $arg ) && length( $arg ); return @argv; } { use File::Spec; use Symbol; my %Map = ( STDOUT => [qw|>&|, \*STDOUT, Symbol::gensym() ], STDERR => [qw|>&|, \*STDERR, Symbol::gensym() ], STDIN => [qw|<&|, \*STDIN, Symbol::gensym() ], ); ### dups FDs and stores them in a cache sub __dup_fds { my $self = shift; my @fds = @_; __PACKAGE__->_debug( "# Closing the following fds: @fds" ) if $DEBUG; for my $name ( @fds ) { my($redir, $fh, $glob) = @{$Map{$name}} or ( Carp::carp(loc("No such FD: '%1'", $name)), next ); ### MUST use the 2-arg version of open for dup'ing for ### 5.6.x compatibility. 5.8.x can use 3-arg open ### see perldoc5.6.2 -f open for details open $glob, $redir . fileno($fh) or ( Carp::carp(loc("Could not dup '$name': %1", $!)), return ); ### we should re-open this filehandle right now, not ### just dup it ### Use 2-arg version of open, as 5.5.x doesn't support ### 3-arg version =/ if( $redir eq '>&' ) { open( $fh, '>' . File::Spec->devnull ) or ( Carp::carp(loc("Could not reopen '$name': %1", $!)), return ); } } return 1; } ### reopens FDs from the cache sub __reopen_fds { my $self = shift; my @fds = @_; __PACKAGE__->_debug( "# Reopening the following fds: @fds" ) if $DEBUG; for my $name ( @fds ) { my($redir, $fh, $glob) = @{$Map{$name}} or ( Carp::carp(loc("No such FD: '%1'", $name)), next ); ### MUST use the 2-arg version of open for dup'ing for ### 5.6.x compatibility. 5.8.x can use 3-arg open ### see perldoc5.6.2 -f open for details open( $fh, $redir . fileno($glob) ) or ( Carp::carp(loc("Could not restore '$name': %1", $!)), return ); ### close this FD, we're not using it anymore close $glob; } return 1; } } sub _debug { my $self = shift; my $msg = shift or return; my $level = shift || 0; local $Carp::CarpLevel += $level; Carp::carp($msg); return 1; } sub _pp_child_error { my $self = shift; my $cmd = shift or return; my $ce = shift or return; my $pp_cmd = ref $cmd ? "@$cmd" : $cmd; my $str; if( $ce == -1 ) { ### Include $! in the error message, so that the user can ### see 'No such file or directory' versus 'Permission denied' ### versus 'Cannot fork' or whatever the cause was. $str = "Failed to execute '$pp_cmd': $!"; } elsif ( $ce & 127 ) { ### some signal $str = loc( "'%1' died with signal %d, %s coredump\n", $pp_cmd, ($ce & 127), ($ce & 128) ? 'with' : 'without'); } else { ### Otherwise, the command run but gave error status. $str = "'$pp_cmd' exited with value " . ($ce >> 8); } $self->_debug( "# Child error '$ce' translated to: $str" ) if $DEBUG; return $str; } 1; =head2 $q = QUOTE Returns the character used for quoting strings on this platform. This is usually a C<'> (single quote) on most systems, but some systems use different quotes. For example, C uses C<"> (double quote). You can use it as follows: use IPC::Cmd qw[run QUOTE]; my $cmd = q[echo ] . QUOTE . q[foo bar] . QUOTE; This makes sure that C is treated as a string, rather than two separate arguments to the C function. __END__ =head1 HOW IT WORKS C will try to execute your command using the following logic: =over 4 =item * If you have C installed, and the variable C<$IPC::Cmd::USE_IPC_RUN> is set to true (See the L<"Global Variables"> section) use that to execute the command. You will have the full output available in buffers, interactive commands are sure to work and you are guaranteed to have your verbosity settings honored cleanly. =item * Otherwise, if the variable C<$IPC::Cmd::USE_IPC_OPEN3> is set to true (See the L<"Global Variables"> section), try to execute the command using L. Buffers will be available on all platforms, interactive commands will still execute cleanly, and also your verbosity settings will be adhered to nicely; =item * Otherwise, if you have the C argument set to true, we fall back to a simple C call. We cannot capture any buffers, but interactive commands will still work. =item * Otherwise we will try and temporarily redirect STDERR and STDOUT, do a C call with your command and then re-open STDERR and STDOUT. This is the method of last resort and will still allow you to execute your commands cleanly. However, no buffers will be available. =back =head1 Global Variables The behaviour of IPC::Cmd can be altered by changing the following global variables: =head2 $IPC::Cmd::VERBOSE This controls whether IPC::Cmd will print any output from the commands to the screen or not. The default is 0. =head2 $IPC::Cmd::USE_IPC_RUN This variable controls whether IPC::Cmd will try to use L when available and suitable. =head2 $IPC::Cmd::USE_IPC_OPEN3 This variable controls whether IPC::Cmd will try to use L when available and suitable. Defaults to true. =head2 $IPC::Cmd::WARN This variable controls whether run-time warnings should be issued, like the failure to load an C module you explicitly requested. Defaults to true. Turn this off at your own risk. =head2 $IPC::Cmd::INSTANCES This variable controls whether C will return all instances of the binary it finds in the C when called in a list context. Defaults to false, set to true to enable the described behaviour. =head2 $IPC::Cmd::ALLOW_NULL_ARGS This variable controls whether C will remove any empty/null arguments it finds in command arguments. Defaults to false, so it will remove null arguments. Set to true to allow them. =head1 Caveats =over 4 =item Whitespace and IPC::Open3 / system() When using C or C, if you provide a string as the C argument, it is assumed to be appropriately escaped. You can use the C constant to use as a portable quote character (see above). However, if you provide an array reference, special rules apply: If your command contains B (< > | &), it will be internally stringified before executing the command, to avoid that these special characters are escaped and passed as arguments instead of retaining their special meaning. However, if the command contained arguments that contained whitespace, stringifying the command would lose the significance of the whitespace. Therefore, C will quote any arguments containing whitespace in your command if the command is passed as an arrayref and contains special characters. =item Whitespace and IPC::Run When using C, if you provide a string as the C argument, the string will be split on whitespace to determine the individual elements of your command. Although this will usually just Do What You Mean, it may break if you have files or commands with whitespace in them. If you do not wish this to happen, you should provide an array reference, where all parts of your command are already separated out. Note however, if there are extra or spurious whitespaces in these parts, the parser or underlying code may not interpret it correctly, and cause an error. Example: The following code gzip -cdf foo.tar.gz | tar -xf - should either be passed as "gzip -cdf foo.tar.gz | tar -xf -" or as ['gzip', '-cdf', 'foo.tar.gz', '|', 'tar', '-xf', '-'] But take care not to pass it as, for example ['gzip -cdf foo.tar.gz', '|', 'tar -xf -'] Since this will lead to issues as described above. =item IO Redirect Currently it is too complicated to parse your command for IO redirections. For capturing STDOUT or STDERR there is a work around however, since you can just inspect your buffers for the contents. =item Interleaving STDOUT/STDERR Neither IPC::Run nor IPC::Open3 can interleave STDOUT and STDERR. For short bursts of output from a program, e.g. this sample, for ( 1..4 ) { $_ % 2 ? print STDOUT $_ : print STDERR $_; } IPC::[Run|Open3] will first read all of STDOUT, then all of STDERR, meaning the output looks like '13' on STDOUT and '24' on STDERR, instead of 1 2 3 4 This has been recorded in L as bug #37532: Unable to interleave STDOUT and STDERR. =back =head1 See Also L, L =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to James Mastros and Martijn van der Streek for their help in getting L to behave nicely. Thanks to Petya Kohts for the C code. =head1 BUG REPORTS Please report bugs or other issues to Ebug-ipc-cmd@rt.cpan.orgE. =head1 AUTHOR Original author: Jos Boumans Ekane@cpan.orgE. Current maintainer: Chris Williams Ebingos@cpan.orgE. =head1 COPYRIGHT This library is free software; you may redistribute and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut